“When Shikha Jain—a board-certified hematology and oncology physician—was interviewing for a position as an attending physician at an academic institution early in her career, she told the male department head that she wanted to be compensated fairly for both her clinical work and any research she did. She remembers his response boiled down to: “your husband is a doctor, right? So you don’t need to worry about if your time is compensated.””